3.500 A summary of Environmental issues on a tribe by tribe basis

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What if you were put in charge of the World tomorrow? How would you run the planet?

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Andronicos "The Great" as Director of the Human Race and Manager Planet Earth commands and Andronicos "The Cynic" responds as follows.........

You will now find a list of every major environmental concern broken down on a tribe by tribe basis.

My job as Director of the Human Race and Manager Planet Earth is to ensure most of these items are eliminated for the sake of Earth's future children as soon as practically possible.

I direct all parties to begin immediate resolution of these problems. If not, I'll have to formally get involved which will make me extremely displeased.

By December 12^th 2007 I want half these issues permanently eliminated without my constant intervention, as I have more important things to do with my time such as getting rid of those silly intertribal squabbles that are going on around the World and getting the War Bond finance organised.

Go do. Go fix. Go clean. Go now.

Go away!

Andronicos "The Cynic"

Environment - current issues

3.500.10 Afghanistan:

3.500.10.1 Afghanistan: Soil degradation
3.500.10.2 Afghanistan: Overgrazing
3.500.10.3 Afghanistan: Deforestation (much of the remaining forests are being cut down for fuel and building materials)
3.500.10.4 Afghanistan: Desertification

3.500.20 Albania:

3.500.20.1 Albania: Deforestation
3.500.20.2 Albania: Oil erosion
3.500.20.3 Albania: Water pollution from industrial and domestic effluents

3.500.30 Algeria:

3.500.30.1 Algeria: Soil erosion from overgrazing and other poor farming practices
3.500.30.2 Algeria: Desertification
3.500.30.3 Algeria: Dumping of raw sewage, petroleum refining wastes, and other industrial effluents is leading to the pollution of rivers and coastal waters; Mediterranean Sea, in particular, becoming polluted from oil wastes, soil erosion, and fertilizer runoff
3.500.30.4 Algeria: Inadequate supplies of potable water

3.500.40 American Samoa:

3.500.40.1 American Samoa: Limited natural fresh water resources; the water division of the government has spent substantial funds in the past few years to improve water catchments and pipelines

3.500.50 Andorra:

3.500.50.1 Andorra: Deforestation
3.500.50.2 Andorra: Overgrazing of mountain meadows contributes to soil erosion
3.500.50.3 Andorra: Air pollution
3.500.50.4 Andorra: Wastewater treatment and solid waste disposal

3.500.60 Angola:

3.500.60.1 Angola: Overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion attributable to population pressures
3.500.60.2 Angola: Desertification
3.500.60.3 Angola: Deforestation of tropical rain forest, in response to both international demand for tropical timber and to domestic use as fuel, resulting in loss of biodiversity
3.500.60.4 Angola: Soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams
3.500.60.5 Angola: Inadequate supplies of potable water

3.500.70 Anguilla:

3.500.70.1 Anguilla: Supplies of potable water sometimes cannot meet increasing demand largely because of poor distribution system

3.500.80 Antarctica:

3.500.80.1 Antarctica: In 1998, NASA satellite data showed that the antarctic ozone hole was the largest on record, covering 27 million square kilometers; researchers in 1997 found that increased ultraviolet light coming through the hole damages the DNA of icefish, an antarctic fish lacking hemoglobin; ozone depletion earlier was shown to harm one-celled antarctic marine plants

3.500.90 Antigua and Barbuda:

3.500.90.1 Antigua and Barbuda: Water management - a major concern because of limited natural fresh water resources - is further hampered by the clearing of trees to increase crop production, causing rainfall to run off quickly

3.500.100 Arctic Ocean:

3.500.100.1 Arctic Ocean: Endangered marine species include walruses and whales
3.500.100.2 Arctic Ocean: Fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage; thinning polar icepack

3.500.110 Argentina:

3.500.110.1 Argentina: Environmental problems (urban and rural) typical of an industrializing economy such as soil degradation, desertification, air pollution, and water pollution
note: Argentina is a World leader in setting voluntary greenhouse gas targets

3.500.120 Armenia:

3.500.120.1 Armenia: Soil pollution from toxic chemicals such as DDT
3.500.120.2 Armenia: Energy blockade, the result of conflict with Azerbaijan, has led to deforestation when citizens scavenged for firewood
3.500.120.3 Armenia: Pollution of Hrazdan (Razdan) and Aras Rivers
3.500.120.4 Armenia: The draining of Sevana Lich (Lake Sevan), a result of its use as a source for hydropower, threatens drinking water supplies
3.500.120.5 Armenia: Restart of Metsamor nuclear power plant without adequate (IAEA-recommended) safety and backup systems

3.500.130 Aruba: NA
3.500.140 Ashmore and Cartier Islands: NA
3.500.150 Atlantic Ocean:

3.500.150.1 Atlantic ocean: Endangered marine species include the manatee, seals, sea lions, turtles, and whales; drift net fishing is hastening the decline of fish stocks and contributing to international disputes
3.500.150.2 Atlantic Ocean: Municipal sludge pollution off eastern US, southern Brazil, and eastern Argentina
3.500.150.3 Atlantic Ocean: Oil pollution in Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, Lake Maracaibo, Mediterranean Sea, and North Sea
3.500.150.4 Atlantic Ocean: Industrial waste and municipal sewage pollution in Baltic Sea, North Sea, and Mediterranean Sea

3.500.160 Australia:

3.500.160.1 Australia: Soil erosion from overgrazing, industrial development, urbanization, and poor farming practices
3.500.160.2 Australia: Soil salinity rising due to the use of poor quality water
3.500.160.3 Australia: Desertification
3.500.160.4 Australia: Clearing for agricultural purposes threatens the natural habitat of many unique animal and plant species
3.500.160.5 Australia: The Great Barrier Reef off the northeast coast, the largest coral reef in the World, is threatened by increased shipping and its popularity as a tourist site
3.500.160.6 Australia: Limited natural fresh water resources

3.500.170 Austria:

3.500.170.1 Austria: Some forest degradation caused by air and soil pollution
3.500.170.2 Austria: Soil pollution results from the use of agricultural chemicals
3.500.170.3 Austria: Air pollution results from emissions by coal- and oil-fired power stations and industrial plants and from trucks transiting Austria between northern and southern Europe

3.500.180 Azerbaijan:

3.500.180.1 Azerbaijan: Local scientists consider the Abseron Yasaqligi (Apsheron Peninsula) (including Baku and Sumqayit) and the Caspian Sea to be the ecologically most devastated area in the World because of severe air, water, and soil pollution
3.500.180.2 Azerbaijan: Soil pollution results from the use of DDT as a pesticide and also from toxic defoliants used in the production of cotton

3.500.190 Bahamas, The:

3.500.190.1 Bahamas, The: Coral reef decay; solid waste disposal

3.500.200 Bahrain:

3.500.200.1 Bahrain: Desertification resulting from the degradation of limited arable land, periods of drought, and dust storms
3.500.200.2 Bahrain: Coastal degradation (damage to coastlines, coral reefs, and sea vegetation) resulting from oil spills and other discharges from large tankers, oil refineries, and distribution stations
3.500.200.3 Bahrain: No natural fresh water resources so that groundwater and sea water are the only sources for all water needs

3.500.210 Baker Island:

3.500.210.1 Baker Island: No natural fresh water resources

3.500.220 Bangladesh:

3.500.220.1 Bangladesh: Many people are landless and forced to live on and cultivate flood-prone land
3.500.220.2 Bangladesh: Water-borne diseases prevalent in surface water
3.500.220.3 Bangladesh: Water pollution, especially of fishing areas, results from the use of commercial pesticides
3.500.220.4 Bangladesh: Ground water contaminated by naturally-occurring arsenic
3.500.220.5 Bangladesh: Intermittent water shortages because of falling water tables in the northern and central parts of the country
3.500.220.6 Bangladesh: Soil degradation and erosion
3.500.220.7 Bangladesh: Deforestation
3.500.220.8 Bangladesh: Severe overpopulation

3.500.230 Barbados:

3.500.230.1 Barbados: Pollution of coastal waters from waste disposal by ships
3.500.230.2 Barbados: Soil erosion
3.500.230.3 Barbados: Illegal solid waste disposal threatens contamination of aquifers

3.500.240 Bassas da India: NA
3.500.250 Belarus:

3.500.250.1 Belarus: Soil pollution from pesticide use
3.500.250.2 Belarus: Southern part of the country contaminated with fallout from 1986 nuclear reactor accident at Chornobyl' in northern Ukraine

3.500.260 Belgium:

3.500.260.1 Belgium: The environment is exposed to intense pressures from human activities: urbanization, dense transportation network, industry, intense animal breeding and crop cultivation; air
3.500.260.2 Belgium: And water pollution also have repercussions for neighboring countries
3.500.260.3 Belgium: Uncertainties regarding federal and regional responsibilities (now resolved) have impeded progress in tackling environmental challenges

3.500.270 Belize:

3.500.270.1 Belize: Deforestation
3.500.270.2 Belize: Water pollution from sewage, industrial effluents, agricultural runoff
3.500.270.3 Belize: Solid waste disposal

3.500.280 Benin:

3.500.280.1 Benin: Inadequate supplies of potable water; poaching threatens wildlife populations
3.500.280.2 Benin: Deforestation
3.500.280.3 Benin: Desertification

3.500.290 Bermuda:

3.500.290.1 Bermuda: Asbestos disposal
3.500.290.2 Bermuda: Water pollution
3.500.290.3 Bermuda: Preservation of open space

3.500.300 Bhutan:

3.500.300.1 Bhutan: Soil erosion
3.500.300.2 Bhutan: Limited access to potable water

3.500.310 Bolivia:

3.500.310.1 Bolivia: The clearing of land for agricultural purposes and the international demand for tropical timber are contributing to deforestation
3.500.310.2 Bolivia: Soil erosion from overgrazing and poor cultivation methods (including slash-and-burn agriculture)
3.500.310.3 Bolivia: Desertification
3.500.310.4 Bolivia: Loss of biodiversity
3.500.310.5 Bolivia: Industrial pollution of water supplies used for drinking and irrigation

3.500.320 Bosnia and Herzegovina:

3.500.320.1 Bosnia and Herzegovina: Air pollution from metallurgical plants
3.500.320.2 Bosnia and Herzegovina: Sites for disposing of urban waste are limited
3.500.320.3 Bosnia and Herzegovina: Water shortages and destruction of infrastructure because of the 1992-95 civil strife

3.500.330 Botswana:

3.500.330.1 Botswana: Overgrazing
3.500.330.2 Botswana: Desertification
3.500.330.3 Botswana: Limited fresh water resources

3.500.340 Bouvet Island: NA
3.500.350 Brazil:

3.500.350.1 Brazil: Deforestation in Amazon Basin destroys the habitat and endangers the existence of a multitude of plant and animal species indigenous to the area
3.500.350.2 Brazil: Air and water pollution in Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and several other large cities
3.500.350.3 Brazil: Land degradation and water pollution caused by improper mining activities
note: President CARDOSO in September 1999 signed into force an environmental crime bill which for the first time defines pollution and deforestation as crimes punishable by stiff fines and jail sentences

3.500.360 British Indian Ocean Territory: NA
3.500.370 British Virgin Islands:

3.500.370.1 British Virgin Islands: Limited natural fresh water resources (except for a few seasonal streams and springs on Tortola, most of the islands' water supply comes from wells and rainwater catchment)

3.500.380 Brunei:

3.500.380.1 Brunei: Seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia

3.500.390 Bulgaria:

3.500.390.1 Bulgaria: Air pollution from industrial emissions
3.500.390.2 Bulgaria: Rivers polluted from raw sewage, heavy metals, detergents
3.500.390.3 Bulgaria: Deforestation
3.500.390.4 Bulgaria: Forest damage from air pollution and resulting acid rain
3.500.390.5 Bulgaria: Soil contamination from heavy metals from metallurgical plants and industrial wastes

3.500.400 Burkina Faso:

3.500.400.1 Burkina Faso: Recent droughts and desertification severely affecting agricultural activities, population distribution, and the economy
3.500.400.2 Burkina Faso: Overgrazing
3.500.400.3 Burkina Faso: Soil degradation
3.500.400.4 Burkina Faso: Deforestation

3.500.410 Burma:

3.500.410.1 Burma: Deforestation
3.500.410.2 Burma: Industrial pollution of air, soil, and water
3.500.410.3 Burma: Inadequate sanitation and water treatment contribute to disease

3.500.420 Burundi:

3.500.420.1 Burundi: Soil erosion as a result of overgrazing and the expansion of agriculture into marginal lands
3.500.420.2 Burundi: Deforestation (little forested land remains because of uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel)
3.500.420.3 Burundi: Habitat loss threatens wildlife populations

3.500.430 Cambodia:

3.500.430.1 Cambodia: Illegal logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailand have resulted in habitat loss and declining biodiversity (in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural fisheries)
3.500.430.2 Cambodia: Soil erosion
3.500.430.3 Cambodia: In rural areas, a majority of the population does not have access to potable water
3.500.430.4 Cambodia: Toxic waste delivery from Taiwan sparked unrest in Kampong Saom (Sihanoukville) in December 1998

3.500.440 Cameroon:

3.500.440.1 Cameroon: Water-borne diseases are prevalent
3.500.440.2 Cameroon: Deforestation
3.500.440.3 Cameroon: Overgrazing
3.500.440.4 Cameroon: Desertification
3.500.440.5 Cameroon: Poaching
3.500.440.6 Cameroon: Overfishing

3.500.450 Canada:

3.500.450.1 Canada: Air pollution and resulting acid rain severely affecting lakes and damaging forests
3.500.450.2 Canada: Metal smelting, coal-burning utilities, and vehicle emissions impacting on agricultural and forest productivity
3.500.450.3 Canada: Ocean waters becoming contaminated due to agricultural, industrial, mining, and forestry activities

3.500.460 Cape Verde:

3.500.460.1 Cape Verde: Overgrazing of livestock and improper land use such as the cultivation of crops on steep slopes has led to soil erosion
3.500.460.2 Cape Verde: Demand for wood used as fuel has resulted in deforestation
3.500.460.3 Cape Verde: Desertification
3.500.460.4 Cape Verde: Environmental damage has threatened several species of birds and reptiles
3.500.460.5 Cape Verde: Overfishing

3.500.470 Cayman Islands:

3.500.470.1 Cayman Islands: No natural fresh water resources
3.500.470.2 Cayman Islands: Drinking water supplies must be met by rainwater catchment

3.500.480 Central African Republic:

3.500.480.1 Central African Republic: Tap water is not potable
3.500.480.2 Central African Republic: Poaching has diminished its reputation as one of the last great wildlife refuges
3.500.480.3 Central African Republic: Desertification
3.500.480.4 Central African Republic: Deforestation

3.500.490 Chad:

3.500.490.1 Chad: Inadequate supplies of potable water
3.500.490.2 Chad: Improper waste disposal in rural areas contributes to soil and water pollution
3.500.490.3 Chad: Desertification

3.500.500 Chile:

3.500.500.1 Chile: Air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions
3.500.500.2 Chile: Water pollution from raw sewage

3.500.510 China:

3.500.510.1 China: Air pollution (greenhouse gases, sulfur dioxide particulates) from reliance on coal, produces acid rain
3.500.510.2 China: Water shortages, particularly in the north
3.500.510.3 China: Water pollution from untreated wastes
3.500.510.4 China: Deforestation
3.500.510.5 China: Estimated loss of one-fifth of agricultural land since 1949 to soil erosion and economic development
3.500.510.6 China: Desertification
3.500.510.7 China: Trade in endangered species

3.500.520 Christmas Island: NA
3.500.530 Clipperton Island: NA
3.500.540 Cocos (Keeling) Islands:

3.500.540.1 Cocos (Keeling) Islands: Fresh water resources are limited to rainwater accumulations in natural underground reservoirs

3.500.550 Colombia:

3.500.550.1 Colombia: Deforestation
3.500.550.2 Colombia: Soil damage from overuse of pesticides
3.500.550.3 Colombia: Air pollution, especially in Bogota, from vehicle emissions

3.500.560 Comoros:

3.500.560.1 Comoros: Soil degradation and erosion results from crop cultivation on slopes without proper terracing
3.500.560.2 Comoros: Deforestation

3.500.570 Congo, Democratic Republic of the:

3.500.570.1 Congo, Democratic Republic of the: Poaching threatens wildlife populations
3.500.570.2 Congo, Democratic Republic of the: Water pollution
3.500.570.3 Congo, Democratic Republic of the: Deforestation
3.500.570.4 Congo, Democratic Republic of the: Refugees who arrived in mid-1994 were responsible for significant deforestation, soil erosion, and wildlife poaching in the eastern part of the country (most of those refugees were repatriated in November and December 1996)

3.500.580 Congo, Republic of the:

3.500.580.1 Congo, Republic of the: Air pollution from vehicle emissions
3.500.580.2 Congo, Republic of the: Water pollution from the dumping of raw sewage
3.500.580.3 Congo, Republic of the: Tap water is not potable
3.500.580.4 Congo, Republic of the: Deforestation

3.500.590 Cook Islands: NA
3.500.600 Coral Sea Islands:

3.500.600.1 Coral Sea Islands: No permanent fresh water resources

3.500.610 Costa Rica:

3.500.610.1 Costa Rica: Deforestation and land use change, largely a result of the clearing of land for cattle ranching and agriculture
3.500.610.2 Costa Rica: Soil erosion
3.500.610.3 Costa Rica: Water pollution (rivers)
3.500.610.4 Costa Rica: Coastal marine pollution
3.500.610.5 Costa Rica: Wetlands degradation
3.500.610.6 Costa Rica: Fisheries protection
3.500.610.7 Costa Rica: Solid waste management
3.500.610.8 Costa Rica: Air pollution

3.500.620 Cote d'Ivoire:

3.500.620.1 Cote d'Ivoire: Deforestation (most of the country's forests - once the largest in West Africa - have been heavily logged)
3.500.620.2 Cote d'Ivoire: Water pollution from sewage and industrial and agricultural effluents

3.500.630 Croatia:

3.500.630.1 Croatia: Air pollution (from metallurgical plants) and resulting acid rain is damaging the forests
3.500.630.2 Croatia: Coastal pollution from industrial and domestic waste
3.500.630.3 Croatia: Landmine removal and reconstruction of infrastructure consequent to 1992-95 civil strife

3.500.640 Cuba:

3.500.640.1 Cuba: Pollution of Havana Bay
3.500.640.2 Cuba: Overhunting threatens wildlife populations
3.500.640.3 Cuba: Deforestation

3.500.650 Cyprus:

3.500.650.1 Cyprus: Water resource problems (no natural reservoir catchments, seasonal disparity in rainfall, sea water intrusion to island's largest aquifer, increased salination in the north)
3.500.650.2 Cyprus: Water pollution from sewage and industrial wastes
3.500.650.3 Cyprus: Coastal degradation
3.500.650.4 Cyprus: Loss of wildlife habitats from urbanization

3.500.660 Czech Republic:

3.500.660.1 Czech Republic: Air and water pollution in areas of northwest Bohemia and in northern Moravia around Ostrava present health risks
3.500.660.2 Czech Republic: Acid rain damaging forests

3.500.670 Denmark:

3.500.670.1 Denmark: Air pollution, principally from vehicle and power plant emissions
3.500.670.2 Denmark: Nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of the North Sea
3.500.670.3 Denmark: Drinking and surface water becoming polluted from animal wastes and pesticides

3.500.680 Djibouti:

3.500.680.1 Djibouti: Inadequate supplies of potable water
3.500.680.2 Djibouti: Desertification

3.500.690 Dominica: NA
3.500.700 Dominican Republic:

3.500.700.1 Dominican Republic: Water shortages
3.500.700.2 Dominican Republic: Soil eroding into the sea damages coral reefs
3.500.700.3 Dominican Republic: Deforestation
3.500.700.4 Dominican Republic: Hurricane Georges damage

3.500.710 Ecuador:

3.500.710.1 Ecuador: Deforestation
3.500.710.2 Ecuador: Soil erosion
3.500.710.3 Ecuador: Desertification
3.500.710.4 Ecuador: Water pollution
3.500.710.5 Ecuador: Pollution from oil production wastes

3.500.720 Egypt:

3.500.720.1 Egypt: Agricultural land being lost to urbanization and windblown sands
3.500.720.2 Egypt: Increasing soil salination below Aswan High Dam
3.500.720.3 Egypt: Desertification
3.500.720.4 Egypt: Oil pollution threatening coral reefs, beaches, and marine habitats
3.500.720.5 Egypt: Other water pollution from agricultural pesticides, raw sewage, and industrial effluents
3.500.720.6 Egypt: Very limited natural fresh water resources away from the Nile which is the only perennial water source
3.500.720.7 Egypt: Rapid growth in population overstraining natural resources

3.500.730 El Salvador:

3.500.730.1 El Salvador: Deforestation
3.500.730.2 El Salvador: Soil erosion
3.500.730.3 El Salvador: Water pollution
3.500.730.4 El Salvador: Contamination of soils from disposal of toxic wastes
3.500.730.5 El Salvador: Hurricane Mitch damage

3.500.740 Equatorial Guinea:

3.500.740.1 Equatorial Guinea: Tap water is not potable
3.500.740.2 Equatorial Guinea: Desertification

3.500.750 Eritrea:

3.500.750.1 Eritrea: Deforestation
3.500.750.2 Eritrea: Desertification
3.500.750.3 Eritrea: Soil erosion
3.500.750.4 Eritrea: Overgrazing
3.500.750.5 Eritrea: Loss of infrastructure from civil warfare

3.500.760 Estonia:

3.500.760.1 Estonia: Air heavily polluted with sulfur dioxide from oil-shale burning power plants in northeast
3.500.760.2 Estonia: Contamination of soil and groundwater with petroleum products, chemicals at former Soviet military bases
3.500.760.3 Estonia: Estonia has more than 1,400 natural and manmade lakes, the smaller of which in agricultural areas are heavily affected by organic waste
3.500.760.4 Estonia: Coastal sea water is polluted in many locations

3.500.770 Ethiopia:

3.500.770.1 Ethiopia: Deforestation
3.500.770.2 Ethiopia: Overgrazing
3.500.770.3 Ethiopia: Soil erosion
3.500.770.4 Ethiopia: Desertification

3.500.780 Europa Island: NA
3.500.790 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): NA
3.500.800 Faroe Islands: NA
3.500.810 Fiji:

3.500.810.1 Fiji: Deforestation
3.500.810.2 Fiji: Soil erosion

3.500.820 Finland:

3.500.820.1 Finland: Air pollution from manufacturing and power plants contributing to acid rain
3.500.820.2 Finland: Water pollution from industrial wastes, agricultural chemicals
3.500.820.3 Finland: Habitat loss threatens wildlife populations

3.500.830 France:

3.500.830.1 France: Some forest damage from acid rain (major forest damage occurred as a result of severe December 1999 windstorm)
3.500.830.2 France: Air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions
3.500.830.3 France: Water pollution from urban wastes, agricultural runoff

3.500.840 French Guiana: NA
3.500.850 French Polynesia: NA
3.500.860 French Southern and Antarctic Lands: NA
3.500.870 Gabon:

3.500.870.1 Gabon: Deforestation
3.500.870.1 Gabon: Poaching

3.500.880 Gambia, The:

3.500.880.1 Gambia, The: Deforestation
3.500.880.2 Gambia, The: Desertification
3.500.880.3 Gambia, The: Water-borne diseases prevalent

3.500.890 Gaza Strip:

3.500.890.1 Gaza Strip: Desertification
3.500.890.2 Gaza Strip: Salination of fresh water
3.500.890.3 Gaza Strip: Sewage treatment
3.500.890.4 Gaza Strip: Water-borne disease
3.500.890.5 Gaza Strip: Oil degradation

3.500.900 Georgia:

3.500.900.1 Georgia: Air pollution
3.500.900.2 Georgia: Particularly in Rust'avi
3.500.900.3 Georgia: Heavy pollution of Mtkvari River and the Black Sea
3.500.900.4 Georgia: Inadequate supplies of potable water
3.500.900.5 Georgia: Soil pollution from toxic chemicals

3.500.910 Germany:

3.500.910.1 Germany: Emissions from coal-burning utilities and industries contribute to air pollution
3.500.910.2 Germany: Acid rain, resulting from sulfur dioxide emissions, is damaging forests
3.500.910.3 Germany: Pollution in the Baltic Sea from raw sewage and industrial effluents from rivers in eastern Germany
3.500.910.4 Germany: Hazardous waste disposal
3.500.910.5 Germany: Government currently attempting to define mechanism for ending the use of nuclear power
3.500.910.6 Germany: Government working to meet EU commitment to identify nature preservation areas in line with the EU's Flora, Fauna, and Habitat directive

3.500.920 Ghana:

3.500.920.1 Ghana: Recent drought in north severely affecting agricultural activities
3.500.920.2 Ghana: Deforestation
3.500.920.3 Ghana: Overgrazing
3.500.920.4 Ghana: Soil erosion
3.500.920.5 Ghana: Poaching and habitat destruction threatens wildlife populations
3.500.920.6 Ghana: Water pollution
3.500.920.7 Ghana: Inadequate supplies of potable water

3.500.930 Gibraltar:

3.500.930.1 Gibraltar: Limited natural freshwater resources; large concrete or natural rock water catchments collect rainwater

3.500.940 Glorioso Islands: NA
3.500.950 Greece:

3.500.950.1 Greece: Air pollution
3.500.950.2 Greece: Water pollution

3.500.960 Greenland:

3.500.960.1 Greenland: Protection of the arctic environment
3.500.960.2 Greenland: Preservation of the Inuit traditional way of life, including whaling and seal hunting

3.500.970 Grenada: NA
3.500.980 Guadeloupe: NA
3.500.990 Guam:

3.500.990.1 Guam: Extirpation of native bird population by the rapid proliferation of the brown tree snake, an exotic species

3.500.1000 Guatemala:

3.500.1000.1 Guatemala: Deforestation
3.500.1000.2 Guatemala: Soil erosion
3.500.1000.3 Guatemala: Water pollution
3.500.1000.4 Guatemala: Hurricane Mitch damage

3.500.1010 Guernsey: NA
3.500.1020 Guinea:

3.500.1020.1 Guinea: Deforestation
3.500.1020.2 Guinea: Inadequate supplies of potable water
3.500.1020.3 Guinea: Desertification
3.500.1020.4 Guinea: Soil contamination and erosion
3.500.1020.5 Guinea: Overfishing
3.500.1020.6 Guinea: Overpopulation in forest region

3.500.1030 Guinea-Bissau:

3.500.1030.1 Guinea-Bissau: Deforestation
3.500.1030.2 Guinea-Bissau: Soil erosion
3.500.1030.3 Guinea-Bissau: Overgrazing
3.500.1030.4 Guinea-Bissau: Overfishing

3.500.1040 Guyana:

3.500.1040.1 Guyana: Water pollution from sewage and agricultural and industrial chemicals
3.500.1040.2 Guyana: Deforestation

3.500.1050 Haiti:

3.500.1050.1 Haiti: Extensive deforestation (much of the remaining forested land is being cleared for agriculture and used as fuel)
3.500.1050.2 Haiti: Soil erosion
3.500.1050.3 Haiti: Inadequate supplies of potable water

3.500.1060 Heard Island and McDonald Islands: NA
3.500.1070 Holy See (Vatican City): NA
3.500.1080 Honduras:

3.500.1080.1 Honduras: Urban population expanding
3.500.1080.2 Honduras: Deforestation results from logging and the clearing of land for agricultural purposes
3.500.1080.3 Honduras: Further land degradation and soil erosion hastened by uncontrolled development and improper land use practices such as farming of marginal lands
3.500.1080.4 Honduras: Mining activities polluting Lago de Yojoa (the country's largest source of fresh water) as well as several rivers and streams with heavy metals
3.500.1080.5 Honduras: Severe Hurricane Mitch damage

3.500.1090 Hong Kong:

3.500.1090.1 Hong Kong: Air and water pollution from rapid urbanization

3.500.1100 Howland Island:

3.500.1100.1 Howland Island: No natural fresh water resources

3.500.1110 Hungary:

3.500.1110.1 Hungary: The approximation of Hungary's standards in waste management, energy efficiency, and air, soil, and water pollution with environmental requirements for EU accession will require large investments

3.500.1120 Iceland:

3.500.1120.1 Iceland: Water pollution from fertilizer runoff
3.500.1120.2 Iceland: Inadequate wastewater treatment

3.500.1130 India:

3.500.1130.1 India: Deforestation
3.500.1130.2 India: Soil erosion
3.500.1130.3 India: Overgrazing
3.500.1130.4 India: Desertification
3.500.1130.5 India: Air pollution from industrial effluents and vehicle emissions
3.500.1130.6 India: Water pollution from raw sewage and runoff of agricultural pesticides
3.500.1130.7 India: Tap water is not potable throughout the country
3.500.1130.8 India: Huge and growing population is overstraining natural resources

3.500.1140 Indian Ocean:

3.500.1140.1 Indian Ocean: Endangered marine species include the dugong, seals, turtles, and whales
3.500.1140.2 Indian Ocean: Oil pollution in the Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea

3.500.1150 Indonesia:

3.500.1150.1 Indonesia: Deforestation
3.500.1150.2 Indonesia: Water pollution from industrial wastes, sewage
3.500.1150.3 Indonesia: Air pollution in urban areas
3.500.1150.4 Indonesia: Smoke and haze from forest fires

3.500.1160 Iran:

3.500.1160.1 Iran: Air pollution, especially in urban areas, from vehicle emissions, refinery operations, and industrial effluents
3.500.1160.2 Iran: Deforestation
3.500.1160.3 Iran: Overgrazing
3.500.1160.4 Iran: Desertification
3.500.1160.5 Iran: Oil pollution in the Persian Gulf
3.500.1160.6 Iran: Inadequate supplies of potable water

3.500.1170 Iraq:

3.500.1170.1 Iraq: Government water control projects have drained most of the inhabited marsh areas east of An Nasiriyah by drying up or diverting the feeder streams and rivers; a once sizable population of Shi'a Muslims, who have inhabited these areas for thousands of years, has been displaced; furthermore, the destruction of the natural habitat poses serious threats to the area's wildlife populations
3.500.1170.2 Iraq: Inadequate supplies of potable water; development of Tigris-Euphrates Rivers system contingent upon agreements with upstream riparian Turkey
3.500.1170.3 Iraq: Air and water pollution
3.500.1170.4 Iraq: Soil degradation (salination) and erosion
3.500.1170.5 Iraq: Desertification

3.500.1180 Ireland:

3.500.1180.1 Ireland: Water pollution, especially of lakes, from agricultural runoff

3.500.1190 Israel:

3.500.1190.1 Israel: Limited arable land and natural fresh water resources pose serious constraints
3.500.1190.2 Israel: Desertification
3.500.1190.3 Israel: Air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions
3.500.1190.4 Israel: Groundwater pollution from industrial and domestic waste, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides

3.500.1200 Italy:

3.500.1200.1 Italy: Air pollution from industrial emissions such as sulfur dioxide
3.500.1200.2 Italy: Coastal and inland rivers polluted from industrial and agricultural effluents
3.500.1200.3 Italy: Acid rain damaging lakes
3.500.1200.4 Italy: Inadequate industrial waste treatment and disposal facilities

3.500.1210 Jamaica:

3.500.1210.1 Jamaica: Heavy rates of deforestation
3.500.1210.2 Jamaica: Coastal waters polluted by industrial waste, sewage, and oil spills
3.500.1210.3 Jamaica: Damage to coral reefs
3.500.1210.4 Jamaica: Air pollution in Kingston results from vehicle emissions

3.500.1220 Jan Mayen: NA
3.500.1230 Japan:

3.500.1230.1 Japan: Air pollution from power plant emissions results in acid rain
3.500.1230.2 Japan: Acidification of lakes and reservoirs degrading water quality and threatening aquatic life
3.500.1230.3 Japan: Japan is one of the largest consumers of fish and tropical timber, contributing to the depletion of these resources in Asia and elsewhere

3.500.1240 Jarvis Island:

3.500.1240.1 Jarvis Island: No natural fresh water resources

3.500.1250 Jersey: NA
3.500.1260 Johnston Atoll:

3.500.1260.1 Johnston Atoll: No natural fresh water resources

3.500.1270 Jordan:

3.500.1270.1 Jordan: Limited natural fresh water resources
3.500.1270.2 Jordan: Deforestation
3.500.1270.3 Jordan: Overgrazing
3.500.1270.4 Jordan: Soil erosion
3.500.1270.5 Jordan: Desertification

3.500.1280 Juan de Nova Island: NA
3.500.1290 Kazakhstan:

3.500.1290.1 Kazakhstan: Radioactive or toxic chemical sites associated with its former defense industries and test ranges are found throughout the country and pose health risks for humans and animals
3.500.1290.2 Kazakhstan: Industrial pollution is severe in some cities
3.500.1290.3 Kazakhstan: Because the two main rivers which flowed into the Aral Sea have been diverted for irrigation, it is drying up and leaving behind a harmful layer of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then picked up by the wind and blown into noxious dust storms
3.500.1290.4 Kazakhstan: Pollution in the Caspian Sea
3.500.1290.5 Kazakhstan: Soil pollution from overuse of agricultural chemicals and salination from poor infrastructure and wasteful irrigation practices

3.500.1300 Kenya:

3.500.1300.1 Kenya: Water pollution from urban and industrial wastes
3.500.1300.2 Kenya: Degradation of water quality from increased use of pesticides and fertilizers
3.500.1300.3 Kenya: Water hyacinth infestation in Lake Victoria
3.500.1300.4 Kenya: Deforestation
3.500.1300.5 Kenya: Soil erosion
3.500.1300.6 Kenya: Desertification
3.500.1300.7 Kenya: Poaching

3.500.1310 Kingman Reef: NA
3.500.1320 Kiribati:

3.500.1320.1 Kiribati: Heavy pollution in lagoon of south Tarawa atoll due to heavy migration mixed with traditional practices such as lagoon latrines and open-pit dumping
3.500.1320.2 Kiribati: Ground water at risk

3.500.1330 Korea, North:

3.500.1330.1 Korea, North: Inadequate supplies of potable water
3.500.1330.3 Korea, North: Water-borne disease
3.500.1330.4 Korea, North: Deforestation
3.500.1330.5 Korea, North: Soil erosion and degradation

3.500.1340 Korea, South:

3.500.1340.1 Korea, South: Air pollution in large cities
3.500.1340.2 Korea, South: Acid rain
3.500.1340.3 Korea, South: Water pollution from the discharge of sewage and industrial effluents
3.500.1340.4 Korea, South: Drift net fishing

3.500.1350 Kuwait:

3.500.1350.1 Kuwait: Limited natural fresh water resources
3.500.1350.2 Kuwait: Some of World's largest and most sophisticated desalination facilities provide much of the water
3.500.1350.3 Kuwait: Air and water pollution
3.500.1350.4 Kuwait: Desertification

3.500.1360 Kyrgyzstan:

3.500.1360.1 Kyrgyzstan: Water pollution
3.500.1360.2 Kyrgyzstan: Many people get their water directly from contaminated streams and wells as a result, water-borne diseases are prevalent
3.500.1360.3 Kyrgyzstan: Increasing soil salinity from faulty irrigation practices

3.500.1370 Laos:

3.500.1370.1 Laos: Unexploded ordnance
3.500.1370.2 Laos: Deforestation
3.500.1370.3 Laos: Soil erosion
3.500.1370.4 Laos: A majority of the population does not have access to potable water

3.500.1380 Latvia:

3.500.1380.1 Latvia: Air and water pollution because of a lack of waste conversion equipment
3.500.1380.2 Latvia: Gulf of Riga and Daugava River heavily polluted
3.500.1380.3 Latvia: Contamination of soil and groundwater with chemicals and petroleum products at military bases

3.500.1390 Lebanon:

3.500.1390.1 Lebanon: Deforestation
3.500.1390.2 Lebanon: Soil erosion
3.500.1390.3 Lebanon: Desertification
3.500.1390.4 Lebanon: Air pollution in Beirut from vehicular traffic and the burning of industrial wastes
3.500.1390.5 Lebanon: Pollution of coastal waters from raw sewage and oil spills

3.500.1400 Lesotho:

3.500.1400.1 Lesotho: Population pressure forcing settlement in marginal areas results in overgrazing, severe soil erosion, and soil exhaustion
3.500.1400.2 Lesotho: Desertification
3.500.1400.3 Lesotho: Highlands Water Project controls, stores, and redirects water to South Africa

3.500.1410 Liberia:

3.500.1410.1 Liberia: Tropical rain forest subject to deforestation
3.500.1410.2 Liberia: Soil erosion
3.500.1410.3 Liberia: Loss of biodiversity
3.500.1410.4 Liberia: Pollution of coastal waters from oil residue and raw sewage

3.500.1420 Libya:

3.500.1420.1 Libya: Desertification
3.500.1420.2 Libya: Very limited natural fresh water resources
3.500.1420.3 Libya: The Great Manmade River Project, the largest water development scheme in the World, is being built to bring water from large aquifers under the Sahara to coastal cities

3.500.1430 Liechtenstein: NA
3.500.1440 Lithuania:

3.500.1440.1 Lithuania: Contamination of soil and groundwater with petroleum products and chemicals at military bases

3.500.1450 Luxembourg:

3.500.1450.1 Luxembourg: Air and water pollution in urban areas
3.500.1450.2 Luxembourg: Soil pollution of farmland

3.500.1460 Macau: NA
3.500.1470 Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:

3.500.1470.1 Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: Air pollution from metallurgical plants

3.500.1480 Madagascar:

3.500.1480.1 Madagascar: Soil erosion results from deforestation and overgrazing
3.500.1480.2 Madagascar: Desertification
3.500.1480.3 Madagascar: Surface water contaminated with raw sewage and other organic wastes
3.500.1480.4 Madagascar: Several species of flora and fauna unique to the island are endangered

3.500.1490 Malawi:

3.500.1490.1 Malawi: Deforestation
3.500.1490.2 Malawi: Land degradation
3.500.1490.3 Malawi: Water pollution from agricultural runoff, sewage, industrial wastes
3.500.1490.4 Malawi: Siltation of spawning grounds endangers fish populations

3.500.1500 Malaysia:

3.500.1500.1 Malaysia: Air pollution from industrial and vehicular emissions
3.500.1500.2 Malaysia: Water pollution from raw sewage
3.500.1500.3 Malaysia: Deforestation
3.500.1500.4 Malaysia: Smoke/haze from Indonesian forest fires

3.500.1510 Maldives:

3.500.1510.1 Maldives: Depletion of freshwater aquifers threatens water supplies
3.500.1510.2 Maldives: Global warming and sea level rise
3.500.1510.3 Maldives: Coral reef bleaching

3.500.1520 Mali:

3.500.1520.1 Mali: Deforestation
3.500.1520.2 Mali: Soil erosion
3.500.1520.3 Mali: Desertification
3.500.1520.4 Mali: Inadequate supplies of potable water
3.500.1520.5 Mali: Poaching

3.500.1530 Malta:

3.500.1530.1 Malta: Very limited natural fresh water resources
3.500.1530.2 Malta: Increasing reliance on desalination

3.500.1540 Man, Isle of:

3.500.1540.1 Man, Isle of: Waste disposal (both household and industrial)
3.500.1540.2 Man, Isle of: Transboundary air pollution

3.500.1550 Marshall Islands:

3.500.1550.1 Marshall Islands: Inadequate supplies of potable water

3.500.1560 Martinique: NA
3.500.1570 Mauritania:

3.500.1570.1 Mauritania: Overgrazing, deforestation, and soil erosion aggravated by drought are contributing to desertification
3.500.1570.2 Mauritania: Very limited natural fresh water resources away from the Senegal which is the only perennial river

3.500.1580 Mauritius:

3.500.1580.1 Mauritius: Water pollution
3.500.1580.2 Mauritius: Degradation of coral reefs

3.500.1590 Mayotte: NA
3.500.1600 Mexico:

3.500.1600.1 Mexico: Natural fresh water resources scarce and polluted in north, inaccessible and poor quality in center and extreme southeast
3.500.1600.2 Mexico: Raw sewage and industrial effluents polluting rivers in urban areas
3.500.1600.3 Mexico: Deforestation
3.500.1600.4 Mexico: Widespread erosion
3.500.1600.5 Mexico: Desertification
3.500.1600.6 Mexico: Serious air pollution in the national capital and urban centers along US-Mexico border

3.500.1610 Micronesia, Federated States of:

3.500.1610.1 Micronesia, Federated States of: Overfishing

3.500.1620 Midway Islands: NA
3.500.1630 Moldova:

3.500.1630.1 Moldova: Heavy use of agricultural chemicals, including banned pesticides such as DDT, has contaminated soil and groundwater
3.500.1630.2 Moldova: Extensive soil erosion from poor farming methods

3.500.1640 Monaco: NA
3.500.1650 Mongolia:

3.500.1650.1 Mongolia: Limited natural fresh water resources in some areas
3.500.1650.2 Mongolia: Policies of the former communist regime promoting rapid urbanization and industrial growth have raised concerns about their negative effects on the environment; the burning of soft coal in power plants and the lack of enforcement of environmental laws have severely polluted the air in Ulaanbaatar
3.500.1650.3 Mongolia: Deforestation
3.500.1650.4 Mongolia: Overgrazing
3.500.1650.5 Mongolia: The converting of virgin land to agricultural production have increased soil erosion from wind and rain
3.500.1650.6 Mongolia: Desertification and mining activities have also had a deleterious effect on the environment

3.500.1660 Montserrat:

3.500.1660.1 Montserrat: Land erosion occurs on slopes that have been cleared for cultivation

3.500.1670 Morocco:

3.500.1670.1 Morocco: Land degradation/desertification (soil erosion resulting from farming of marginal areas, overgrazing, destruction of vegetation)
3.500.1670.2 Morocco: Water supplies contaminated by raw sewage
3.500.1670.3 Morocco: Siltation of reservoirs
3.500.1670.4 Morocco: Oil pollution of coastal waters

3.500.1680 Mozambique:

3.500.1680.1 Mozambique: A long civil war and recurrent drought in the hinterlands have resulted in increased migration of the population to urban and coastal areas with adverse environmental consequences
3.500.1680.2 Mozambique: Desertification
3.500.1680.3 Mozambique: Pollution of surface and coastal waters

3.500.1690 Namibia:

3.500.1690.1 Namibia: Very limited natural fresh water resources
3.500.1690.2 Namibia: Desertification

3.500.1700 Nauru:

3.500.1700.1 Nauru: Limited natural fresh water resources, roof storage tanks collect rainwater, but mostly dependent on a single, ageing desalination plant
3.500.1700.2 Nauru: Intensive phosphate mining during the past 90 years - mainly by a UK, Australia, and NZ consortium - has left the central 90% of Nauru a wasteland and threatens limited remaining land resources

3.500.1710 Navassa Island: NA
3.500.1720 Nepal:

3.500.1720.1 Nepal: Deforestation (overuse of wood for fuel and lack of alternatives)
3.500.1720.2 Nepal: Contaminated water (with human and animal wastes, agricultural runoff, and industrial effluents)
3.500.1720.3 Nepal: Wildlife conservation
3.500.1720.4 Nepal: Vehicular emissions

3.500.1730 Netherlands:

3.500.1730.1 Netherlands: Water pollution in the form of heavy metals, organic compounds, and nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates
3.500.1730.2 Netherlands: Air pollution from vehicles and refining activities
3.500.1730.3 Netherlands: Acid rain

3.500.1740 Netherlands Antilles: NA
3.500.1750 New Caledonia:

3.500.1750.1 New Caledonia: Erosion caused by mining exploitation and forest fires

3.500.1760 New Zealand:

3.500.1760.1 New Zealand: Deforestation
3.500.1760.2 New Zealand: Soil erosion
3.500.1760.3 New Zealand: Native flora and fauna hard-hit by species introduced from outside

3.500.1770 Nicaragua:

3.500.1770.1 Nicaragua: Deforestation
3.500.1770.2 Nicaragua: Soil erosion
3.500.1770.3 Nicaragua: Water pollution
3.500.1770.4 Nicaragua: Hurricane Mitch damage

3.500.1780 Niger:

3.500.1780.1 Niger: Overgrazing
3.500.1780.2 Niger: Soil erosion
3.500.1780.3 Niger: Deforestation
3.500.1780.4 Niger: Desertification
3.500.1780.5 Niger: Wildlife populations (such as elephant, hippopotamus, giraffe, and lion) threatened because of poaching and habitat destruction

3.500.1790 Nigeria:

3.500.1790.1 Nigeria: Soil degradation
3.500.1790.2 Nigeria: Rapid deforestation
3.500.1790.3 Nigeria: Desertification

3.500.1800 Niue:

3.500.1800.1 Niue: Increasing attention to conservationist practices to counter loss of soil fertility from traditional slash and burn agriculture

3.500.1810 Norfolk Island: NA
3.500.1820 Northern Mariana Islands:

3.500.1820.1 Northern Mariana Islands: Contamination of groundwater on Saipan may contribute to disease
3.500.1820.2 Northern Mariana Islands: Clean-up of landfill
3.500.1820.3 Northern Mariana Islands: Protection of endangered species conflicts with development

3.500.1830 Norway:

3.500.1830.1 Norway: Water pollution
3.500.1830.2 Norway: Acid rain damaging forests and adversely affecting lakes, threatening fish stocks
3.500.1830.3 Norway: Air pollution from vehicle emissions

3.500.1840 Oman:

3.500.1840.1 Oman: Rising soil salinity
3.500.1840.2 Oman: Beach pollution from oil spills
3.500.1840.3 Oman: Very limited natural fresh water resources

3.500.1850 Pacific Ocean:

3.500.1850.1 Pacific Ocean: Endangered marine species include the dugong, sea lion, sea otter, seals, turtles, and whales
3.500.1850.2 Pacific Ocean: Oil pollution in Philippine Sea and South China Sea

3.500.1860 Pakistan:

3.500.1860.1 Pakistan: Water pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff; limited natural fresh water resources
3.500.1860.2 Pakistan: A majority of the population does not have access to potable water; deforestation
3.500.1860.3 Pakistan: Soil erosion
3.500.1860.4 Pakistan: Desertification

3.500.1870 Palau:

3.500.1870.1 Palau: Inadequate facilities for disposal of solid waste
3.500.1870.2 Palau: Threats to the marine ecosystem from sand and coral dredging, illegal fishing practices, and overfishing

3.500.1880 Palmyra Atoll: NA
3.500.1890 Panama:

3.500.1890.1 Panama: Water pollution from agricultural runoff threatens fishery resources
3.500.1890.2 Panama: Deforestation of tropical rain forest
3.500.1890.3 Panama: Land degradation and soil erosion threatens siltation of Panama Canal

3.500.1900 Papua New Guinea:

3.500.1900.1 Papua New Guinea: Rain forest subject to deforestation as a result of growing commercial demand for tropical timber
3.500.1900.2 Papua New Guinea: Pollution from mining projects
3.500.1900.3 Papua New Guinea: Severe drought

3.500.1910 Paracel Islands: NA
3.500.1920 Paraguay:

3.500.1920.1 Paraguay: Deforestation (an estimated 2 million hectares of forest land were lost from 1958-85)
3.500.1920.2 Paraguay: Water pollution
3.500.1920.3 Paraguay: Inadequate means for waste disposal present health risks for many urban residents

3.500.1930 Peru:

3.500.1930.1 Peru: Deforestation (some the result of illegal logging)
3.500.1930.2 Peru: